Lower back pain is one of the most common reasons people visit a GP or physiotherapist.  

While it can be uncomfortable and disruptive, most cases are not serious and improve with time and the right care. 

A common question we hear at our Geelong medical centre is whether imaging such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs is needed. In many cases, the answer is no. 

In this blog, we explain when imaging is helpful, when it is not, and what the best next steps are for managing lower back pain. 

What causes lower back pain? 

Lower back pain can have many causes, but most cases are considered “mechanical.” This means the pain is not linked to a serious underlying condition. 

Common contributors include: 

• Muscle or ligament strain  
• Poor posture or prolonged sitting  
• Sudden movements or lifting  
• Reduced physical activity  
• Stress and tension  

While the pain can feel significant, it does not always indicate damage that requires imaging. 

When is imaging for lower back pain needed? 

Imaging for lower back pain typically recommended when there are signs of a serious condition, such as trauma, neurological symptoms, or other red flags identified during assessment.  

These may include: 

• Significant trauma or injury  
• Unexplained weight loss  
• History of cancer  
• Loss of bladder or bowel control  
• Progressive weakness or numbness  
• Signs of infection  

If any of these are present, your GP may recommend imaging to investigate further. 

When do you NOT need imaging for lower back pain? 

Most cases of lower back pain do not require imaging, particularly when there are no red flags and symptoms are improving with conservative care. 

After taking a thorough history and performing a physical examination, your GP or physiotherapist may determine that imaging is not necessary. 

For example, following an assessment where no red flags were identified, a patient may be guided towards a home exercise program instead of imaging, with the reasoning clearly explained. 

Over time, many patients experience noticeable improvement in their symptoms. By avoiding unnecessary imaging, they can also reduce healthcare costs and avoid exposure to radiation. 

This approach reflects current best practice and focuses on safe, effective care. 

Why avoiding unnecessary imaging matters 

It can be reassuring to “see” what is happening in your back, but imaging is not always helpful. 

In fact, unnecessary imaging can: 

• Lead to findings that are not related to your pain  
• Increase anxiety or confusion  
• Result in unnecessary treatments  
• Expose you to avoidable radiation (in some cases)  
• Add to healthcare costs without improving outcomes  

That is why careful assessment by a GP or a Physio is the most important first step. 

How to manage lower back pain effectively 

Most lower back pain improves within a few weeks with simple, supportive care. 

Stay active
Gentle movement and returning to normal activities as tolerated can support recovery. 

Follow a guided exercise program
Targeted exercises can help strengthen muscles, improve mobility, and reduce pain over time. 

Use pain relief if needed
Short-term pain relief may be recommended to help you stay active and comfortable. 

Seek professional support
One of our Geelong physio’s or Doctors can guide your recovery and tailor a plan to your needs. 

Lower back pain support in Geelong 

At Kardinia Health, we take a personalised approach to managing lower back pain. Our team will assess your symptoms, identify any red flags, and guide you through the most appropriate next steps. 

This may include advice, exercise programs, or referrals to allied health professionals, without unnecessary investigations. 

When should you see a GP? 

You should consider booking an appointment if: 

• Your pain is not improving after a few weeks  
• Your pain is severe or worsening  
• You are unsure about your symptoms  
• You want guidance on safe and effective treatment  

Take the next step with Kardinia Health 

Lower back pain is common, but the right care can make all the difference. 

If you’re based in Geelong and experiencing lower back pain, our GPs can assess your symptoms and guide you on whether imaging is needed. 

Book an appointment with Kardinia Health for personalised advice and care.